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penal
penal /peˈnal/
adjective#5615 most common
Also: criminal (relating to criminal law), penal-law
Example sentences
Codul penal interzice furtul.
The penal code forbids theft.
Ea a citit codul penal înainte de examen.
She read the penal code before the exam.
Răspunderea penală începe la 14 ani în România.
Criminal liability begins at age 14 in Romania.
Avocatul e specializat în drept penal.
The lawyer specializes in criminal law.
Instanțele penale au condamnat mai mulți inculpați săptămâna trecută.
The criminal courts convicted several defendants last week.
Reforma codurilor penale a stârnit controverse ample în societate.
The reform of the penal codes stirred wide controversy in society.
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | penal (m/n) / penală (f) | penali (m) / penale (f/n) |
| Genitive | penal (m/n) / penale (f) | penali (m) / penale (f/n) |
| Accusative | penal (m/n) / penală (f) | penali (m) / penale (f/n) |
| Vocative | not applicable | not applicable |
Word family
penalitatepenalty
a penalizato penalize
penalizarepenalization, act of penalizing
penalista lawyer or scholar specializing in criminal law
Etymology
Penal came into Romanian from French pénal, which goes back to Latin poenalis, an adjective built on poena, meaning penalty or punishment. Latin poena was itself borrowed from Greek poinē, a word for compensation paid for a wrong. The Romanian word keeps this legal sense: it describes anything tied to crime and punishment, as in cod penal, the criminal code.
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