Learn Arabic › B1 › حَدَق
حَدَق
to surround, encircle (someone or something) /ħaˈdaqa/
verbB1#2630 most common
Also: to hem in, to close in on, to beset (of danger, doubt)
Example sentences
حَدَقَ الأَعْدَاءُ بِالمَدِينَةِ.
The enemies surrounded the city.
حَدَقَتِ الجِبَالُ بِالقَرْيَةِ مِنْ كُلِّ جِهَةٍ.
The mountains encircled the village on every side.
حَدَقَ الخَطَرُ بِالسُّفُنِ فِي عَرْضِ البَحْرِ.
Danger surrounded the ships out at sea.
حَدَقَتْ بِهِ الأَخْطَارُ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ طَرِيقًا لِلنَّجَاةِ.
Dangers hemmed him in from every side, and he found no way to safety.
يَحْدُقُ الفَقْرُ بِكَثِيرٍ مِنَ العَائِلَاتِ فِي هَذِهِ المِنْطَقَةِ.
Poverty closes in on many families in this region.
حَدَقَتِ الشُّكُوكُ بِمَصْدَاقِيَّةِ التَّقْرِيرِ حَتَّى فَقَدَ قِيمَتَهُ العِلْمِيَّةَ.
Doubts beset the report's credibility until it lost its scholarly value.
Conjugation
| Present Active | Simple Past Active | Simple Future Active | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | أَحْدُقُ | حَدَقْتُ | سَأَحْدُقُ |
| 2sg | تَحْدُقُ | حَدَقْتَ | سَتَحْدُقُ |
| 3sg | يَحْدُقُ | حَدَقَ | سَيَحْدُقُ |
| 1pl | نَحْدُقُ | حَدَقْنَا | سَنَحْدُقُ |
| 2pl | تَحْدُقُونَ | حَدَقْتُمْ | سَتَحْدُقُونَ |
| 3pl | يَحْدُقُونَ | حَدَقُوا | سَيَحْدُقُونَ |
Word family
حَدَقَةpupil or iris of the eye
حَديقةgarden (an enclosed plot)
حَدَّقَto stare, gaze fixedly at
تَحْديقa fixed stare, the act of staring
مُحَدِّقstaring, gazing intently
Etymology
The verb comes from the triliteral Semitic root ح-د-ق, whose core sense is to surround or form a ring around something. That core sense radiates through the whole word family: the pupil of the eye, حَدَقَة, is named for the ring of the iris that surrounds it, and a garden, حَديقة, is literally a plot enclosed by a wall or hedge. The stronger, more common sense of staring or fixing one's gaze belongs to the intensive Form II, حَدَّقَ, which sharpens 'surround' into 'fix the eyes tightly on.'
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