Learn Arabic › B2 › شَمِل
شَمِل
to comprise, include, encompass /ˈʃa.mi.la/
verbB2#4159 most common
Also: to cover, to embrace, to extend to
Example sentences
يشمل الكتاب عشرة فصول.
The book includes ten chapters.
يشمل السعر البطاقة والعشاء.
The price includes the ticket and dinner.
شملت الرحلة زيارة ثلاث مدن.
The trip included a visit to three cities.
لم يشمل التأمين الصحي الأدوية المستوردة.
The health insurance did not cover imported medicines.
يُتوقع أن يشمل الاتفاق الجديد تخفيض الرسوم الجمركية على جميع السلع.
The new agreement is expected to include a reduction of customs duties on all goods.
شملت التعديلات التشريعية الأخيرة إعادة صياغة عدد من المواد المتعلقة بحقوق الملكية الفكرية، بما يواكب المستجدات الدولية.
The recent legislative amendments included the rewriting of several articles on intellectual property rights, in line with international developments.
Conjugation
| Present Active | Simple Past Active | Simple Future Active | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | أَشْمَلُ | شَمِلْتُ | سَأَشْمَلُ |
| 2sg | تَشْمَلُ | شَمِلْتَ | سَتَشْمَلُ |
| 3sg | يَشْمَلُ | شَمِلَ | سَيَشْمَلُ |
| 1pl | نَشْمَلُ | شَمِلْنَا | سَنَشْمَلُ |
| 2pl | تَشْمَلُونَ | شَمِلْتُمْ | سَتَشْمَلُونَ |
| 3pl | يَشْمَلُونَ | شَمِلُوا | سَيَشْمَلُونَ |
Word family
شَامِلcomprehensive, all-inclusive
شُمُولcomprehensiveness, inclusiveness
مَشْمُولincluded, covered (by a rule or offer)
اِشْتَمَلَto comprise, contain, be made up of
شِمَالnorth; left hand or side
Etymology
The verb comes from the Semitic root sh-m-l, which carries the core idea of gathering something under one cover or one whole. From this root Arabic also gets shamal, the word for north and for the left side, likely because early speakers faced east and the encompassing left-hand direction lay to the north. The same root gives shaml, meaning the unity or gathering of a group, and shumul, comprehensiveness. The root has no established Indo-European link; it belongs to the native Semitic vocabulary of Arabic.
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