Learn Arabic › B2 › حَضارَة
حَضارَة
civilization /ħaˈdˤaːra/
nounB2#3972 most common
Also: civility, culture (as in a developed society)
Example sentences
هذه حضارة قديمة.
This is an ancient civilization.
أدرس تاريخ الحضارة المصرية.
I am studying the history of Egyptian civilization.
ازدهرت الحضارة العربية في الأندلس.
Arab civilization flourished in Andalusia.
تركت الحضارات القديمة آثارًا عظيمة.
Ancient civilizations left great monuments behind.
يرى بعض المؤرخين أن صراع الحضارات أمر حتمي.
Some historians believe that a clash of civilizations is inevitable.
لا يمكن فهم تطور الحضارة الإنسانية دون دراسة تفاعل الثقافات المختلفة عبر التاريخ.
One cannot understand the development of human civilization without studying how different cultures have interacted throughout history.
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | حَضارَةٌ | حَضاراتٌ |
| Genitive | حَضارَةٍ | حَضاراتٍ |
| Accusative | حَضارَةً | حَضاراتٍ |
| Vocative | يا حَضارَةُ | يا حَضاراتُ |
Word family
Etymology
Ḥaḍārah comes from the Arabic triliteral root ḥ-ḍ-r, whose core sense is presence and settled life in one place, as opposed to wandering. The related word ḥāḍir means present or a city dweller, and badāwah, nomadic desert life, is its traditional opposite. Ibn Khaldun used ḥaḍārah in the fourteenth century to mean settled, urban civilization, and that sense is still standard today. Arabic is a Semitic language, so it has no Indo-European root.
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