Learn Arabic › A1 › دُون
دُون
without /ˈduːn/
nounA1#159 most common
Also: below, beneath, less than, short of, inferior to
Example sentences
شربتُ القهوة دون سكر.
I drank the coffee without sugar.
وصل إلى البيت دون تأخير.
He got home without delay.
حلّت المسألة دون أيّ صعوبة.
She solved the problem without any difficulty.
نتائجه هذا الفصل دون المستوى المطلوب.
His results this term are below the required level.
من دونِك، لن تكتمل هذه الرحلة.
Without you, this trip will not be complete.
حال المرضُ دون أن يُكمل المشروع الذي طالما حلم به.
The illness prevented him from finishing the project he had long dreamed of.
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | دُونُ | None |
| Genitive | دُونِ | None |
| Accusative | دُونَ | None |
| Vocative | None | None |
Word family
بِدُونwithout
مِن دُونِwithout; besides
دُونَماwithout (doing)
ما دُونَbelow; sub-
دُونِيَّةinferiority
Etymology
دُون is an old Arabic adverb of place meaning 'below' or 'beneath.' From that spatial sense it widened to 'less than' and 'short of,' and then to 'without,' the absence of a thing. It is grammatically frozen and does not behave like an ordinary inflecting noun.
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