Learn Arabic › A1 › عِنْد
عِنْد
at / in the possession of (used to express 'to have', e.g. عِنْدِي = I have) /ˈʕind/
nounA1#46 most common
Also: with, by, near (someone's place), at (a point in time), in the view/opinion of
Example sentences
عِنْدِي كِتَابٌ.
I have a book.
هَلْ عِنْدَكَ وَقْتٌ؟
Do you have time?
نَلْتَقِي عِنْدَ بَابِ الْمَدْرَسَةِ.
We'll meet at the school gate.
عِنْدَمَا وَصَلْتُ، كَانَ الِاجْتِمَاعُ قَدِ انْتَهَى.
When I arrived, the meeting had already ended.
عِنْدَ الْحَاجَةِ يُعْرَفُ الصَّدِيقُ الْحَقِيقِيُّ.
In time of need the true friend is known.
عِنْدِي أَنَّ فِي كَلَامِكَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْمُبَالَغَةِ.
In my view, there is some exaggeration in your words.
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | عِنْدُ (rare) | None |
| Genitive | عِنْدِ (after مِنْ: مِنْ عِنْدِهِ) | None |
| Accusative | عِنْدَ (default adverbial form) | None |
| Vocative | None | None |
Word family
عِنْدَمَا (ʿindamā)when, at the time that
عِنْدَئِذٍ (ʿindaʾiḏin)at that time, then
عَنِيد (ʿanīd)stubborn, obstinate
عِنَاد (ʿinād)obstinacy, stubbornness
Etymology
عِنْد is an inherited Semitic locative adverb expressing proximity, presence and possession ('at, by, in the keeping of'). Arabic grammarians class it not as a true preposition (حرف) but as a noun of place (ظرف مكان) that governs the genitive, which is why a following pronoun attaches as a possessive suffix (عِنْدِي 'at-me' = I have). It is reconstructed to a Proto-Semitic locative element with the consonantal frame ʿ-n-d denoting 'side / presence'.
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